The first organization of physiologists was the Physiological
Society founded in 1876 in England. In 1878 the Journal of Physiology
began publication as the
first journal dedicated to reporting results of research in physiology. The
American counterpart, the American Physiological Society, was founded in 1887.
The American Physiological Society first sponsored publication of the American Journal of
Physiology in 1898.
What was the first professional organization of physiologists?
Who is considered the founder of experimental medicine and physiology?
by SRK
The French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813–1878)
is credited with originating the experimental approach to medicine and
establishing general physiology as a distinct discipline. His classic work, Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine,
was published in 1865. He was elected to the Académie
Française in 1869 for this work.
What discovery of the 17th century helped establish the science of physiology?
by SRK
The
English physician William Harvey (1578–1657) published On the Movement of the Heart and
Blood in Animals in 1628. This important medical
treatise proved that blood continuously circulated
within the vessels. Harvey’s discoveries contradicted many beliefs about blood
circulation that dated back to the time of Galen. Harvey is considered the
father of modern physiology for introducing the experimental method of
scientific research.
Who improved the microscope in a way that greatly impacted anatomy and physiology studies?
by SRK
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) was a Dutch
microscopist and scientist. Although he did not invent the microscope, he
greatly improved the capability of the microscope. His expert skill in grinding
lenses achieved a magnification of 270 times, which was far greater than any
other microscope of the era. He was able to observe bacteria, striations in
muscle, blood cells, and spermatozoa.
Who became known as the “reformer of anatomy” during the Renaissance?
by SRK
Andreas
Vesalius (1514–1564) became known as the “reformer of anatomy” during the
Renaissance. His masterpiece and most famous work, De Humani Corporis Fabrica, published in 1543, described various body systems and
individual organs. It also included beautiful anatomical illustrations.
Vesalius challenged many of Galen’s teachings, which had become accepted as
fact though they were incorrect.
Whose work during the Roman era became the authority on anatomy?
by SRK
Galen
(130–200), a Greek physician, anatomist, and physiologist living during the
time of the Roman Empire, was one of the most influential and authoritative
authors on medical subjects. His writings include On Anatomical Procedures, On the
Usefulness of the Parts of the Body, On the Natural Faculties, and hundreds of other treatises. Since human dissection was
forbidden, Galen made most of his observations on different animals. He
correctly described bones and muscles and observed muscles working in
contracting pairs. He was also able to describe heart valves and structural
differences between arteries and veins. While his work contained many errors,
he provided many accurate anatomical details that are still regarded as
classics. Galen’s writings were the accepted standard text for anatomical
studies for 1,400 years.
Who is considered the father of physiology?
by SRK
The
Greek physician and anatomist Erasistratus (304–250 B.C.E.)
is considered the father of physiology. Based on his numerous dissections of
human cadavers, he accurately described the brain, including its cavities and
membranes, stomach muscles, and the differences between motor and sensory
nerves. He understood correctly that the heart served as a pump to circulate
blood. Anatomical research ended with Erasistratus until the thirteenth
century, in a large part because of public opinion against the dissection of
human
cadavers.
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